I plant to collect samples from up to 300 individual plants, one individual per species, for subsequent extraction and analysis to determine their functional effects on ion channel proteins. the purpose is to determine molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of botanical medicines used by Native Americans, and to potentially discover new therapeutic compounds from any of the species represented. The sampling is limited to three up to 6-inch leafy stems, with flowers if present from each identifiable plant species. The remaining plant will be left untouched and alive. The samples will constitute no more than 20% of the plant, and in most cases will be less than 5% of the plant, to minimize disturbance to the plant. Cuttings will be taken with a sterile blade to avoid cross-contamination.

Approved